Is there a Connection between the Nicene Creed, Eusebius of Caesarea, Anti-Judaism and Anti-Semitism?

In this paper, I examine Nicaea, Constantine and Eusebius through the lens of anti-Judaism – a concept distinct from anti-Semitism. Whilst church historians often distinguish sharply between these phenomena, I argue against completely separating Nazi racial anti-Semitism from traditional Christian anti-Judaism. Such separation risks absolving churches of their complicity in Jewish suffering throughout history. Though antisemitism remains an essential ecumenical concern, and Christian anti-Judaism was indeed anchored at Nicaea, Eusebius’s relationship with Jews cannot be simplistically labelled anti-Judaic. The Nicene Creed itself contains no explicit anti-Judaism, and Constantine’s establishment of Sunday worship in 321 shows little evidence of anti-Jewish motivation. Whilst anti-Jewish sentiments influenced the separation of Easter from Passover, the Council’s primary concern was ecclesiastical unity rather than religious antagonism.