Journal index

Ez a tanulmány a Kol 3,11 jelentését tisztázza, összehasonlítva azt a Gal 3,28 és az 1 Kor 12,13 verseivel. A visszatérő "görög és zsidó" vagy "rabszolga és szabad" kifejezések ellenére sem bizonyítható, hogy e három szöveg valamilyen rögzített beszédmódot képvisel. Ez pedig azt jelenti, hogy mindhárom felsorolás az adott szövegösszefüggésben nyeri el értelmét. Ennek megfelelően a Kolossébeliekhez írt levél, és különösen a Kol 3,5-17 kontextusának összefüggésében megállapítható, hogy az 5. és 8-9. versekben említett bűnök katalógusával ellentétben a Kol 3,11-ben felsorolt személyi jellemzők egyike sem összeegyeztethetetlen az új emberrel, sem a 12-17. versekben szereplő keresztény erények sorával. A rendelkezésre álló adatoktól függően a 11. v. egyes kifejezéseit a nagyobb páli korpuszon belül is értelmezzük.

Az lőadásom nem kizárólagosan történelmi vonatkozású. Szeretném egészséges párhuzamba állítani az „akkor és ott” gondolatkörét az „itt és most”-tal. Ebben a vonatkozásban van, ami teljesen más, és van, ami csaknem ugyanaz.

Az erdélyi éneklőszékek kutatása az utóbbi években a figyelem központjába került. Ezen feledésbe merült liturgiai berendezési tárgy számbavétele nem egészen új keletű. Debreczeni László tíz vaskos kötetbe fűzött vázlatrajzain és felméréseiben számos éneklőszékre, illetve éneklőszék takaróra találunk igencsak hasznos információt. Gyűjtőmunkájának páratlan értékét növeli, hogy a közel száz évvel ezelőtt készült felmérés számos tárgyi emléke már nem található, vagy nem abban a formában látható, mint az adatrögzítéskor.

Hymnology in the 16–17th Century Reformed Church of Transylvania. The religious experience, the belief in God and in God’s power has always influenced the society. The 16th century’s reformation defined and still defines Europe’s and the world’s social, religious, political and economical aspect. There were radical changes on the fields of theology, literature, liturgy, in religious songs, printing, school system, and syllabus within it. The new teaching of the reformers needed a new form of worship which preserved some of the old elements, formed, recreated them according to his needs. This way the religious hymn in stanzas was born in people’s native language, so as the metrical psalms in native language and humanist metrical folk songs. Their Hungarian origins are the historical songs of the previous century, songs translated by Luther as German origin and the psalms propagated by Kálvin as French protestant source. The graduals of course (In Transylvania mainly the Öreg Graduál) transmitted the structure of the ancient liturgy but neglecting the non biblical thesis (e.g. the hymns of the saints). There were other influences in smaller extent such as the songs of the Morvian brothers and the creations of Unitarian authors. The new form of worship took over from the graduals the medieval hymns, antiphones, sequences and psalms. On the pattern of the historical songs the first biblical histories were written in the time of reformation. The majority of these deal with Old Testament themes, but we can find some stories of the apocryphal books. The best known authors are: Tinódi Lantos Sebestyén, Gosárvári Mátyás, Valkai András, Temesvári János, Temesvári István, Nagybánkai Mátyás, Görcsönyi Ambrus, Tőke Ferenc, Csanádi Demeter, Salánki György, Tardi György, Sztárai Mihály, Mádai Mihály, Szegedi András, Ilosvai Selymes Péter, Hunyadi Ferenc, and others. Their works were published in Kolozsvár and Debrecen in the publishing houses of Heltai, Hofgreff and Komlósi. The collections of historical songs published in the 16th century are: a Hoffgreff Cancionale, Cronica by Tinódi and Cancionale of Heltai. Besides the graduals the folk songs in native language became organic part of the worship. They are even more oftenly used at the influence of the puritan movement from the second half of the 16th century. In the hymnbooks of the time there are translated songs but original Hungarian works as well. The most significant songs were published in the hymnbook of Gálszécsi István, in the Hymnbook from Várad, and later in the Hymnbook form Debrecen. The nearly 40 publishing of this latter hymnbook defined the songrepertory of the Hungarian protestant churches of 16th and 17th century.

Canaanite Abominations as Presented in the Book of Deuteronomy. A Theological Evaluation. Before entering in the Promised Land the people of Israel were told not to follow the forbidden practices of the polytheistic nations (Deut 18, 9–14), to avoid all kinds of magical and superstitious practices designed to discover the will of gods, or even to compel the gods to action in certain ways. The occult, superstitions, divinisation, sorcery, spiritualism were abominations all to Yahweh and brought about His judgment. Yahweh made His will known through revelation, by the aid of His prophets, whose words would be clearly understandable to the people in contrast with the ambiguous and mysterious spells of those who worked with magic and divinisation. Israel must be blameless in regard to every form of divinisation, magic or spiritism. In our day when we can see the rise of a „new paganism”, moreover when spiritualism, astrology, teacup reading and the like are widely practised, these injuctions given to ancient Israel have a particular relevance. This presentation is trying to understand the present will of God with the guidance of the Holy Spirit, to tell the difference between religion and revelation. A short survey is being made to define the aspects of Israelite religion, a product of revelation through the prophets of Jahweh in contrast to the religions and magic void of revelation. The exegesis of the biblical passage from Deut 18,9–14 enables us to search to the different forbidden Canaanite practices. Some attempts are being made towards a possible new translation of the words denoting forbidden practices. The will of God was to be discovered by a prophet and not by a magic worker, a diviner or a spiritist. Israel has to observe the guidance of Yahweh, who will provide a succession of prophets until the day when He will send them the Messiah, the eschatological Prophet Jesus Christ, His Son – who will save His people from damnation. He has the words of eternal life. Jesus asked the twelve: You do not want to leave too, do you? Simon Peter answered him: Lord, to whom shall we go? You have the words of eternal life. (John 6,67–68)