Journal index

Tanulmányomban először Kálvin János személye és életműve értékelésének kérdéseit taglalom röviden, ez után pedig arra a kérdésre adok választ, hogy milyen szentírási építőkövekből áll össze az a kálvini egyházkép, amely már a kezdet kezdetén meggyőző volt és hódított – az ellenséges politikai körülmények ellenére is.

The following survey of present research of Prov 1–9 focuses mainly on the structure and character of these chapters of Proverbs and the various theories concerning the personification of Wisdom in Proverbs.1 This appraisal of some older and more recent works on chapters 1–9 is meant to serve as a preamble of a series of articles I planned to write about Proverbs. The succeeding articles will be concerned with an overview of research in terms of the textual traditions of Proverbs, questions of dating (pre-exilic/post-exilic), setting, various Egyptian, Mesopotamian and Ugaritic parallels and the structure and character of Prov 10–29 and of 30–31, secular and/or religious wisdom, the concept of the fear of the Lord and theology.

Versuch zur Formulierung der Einheitslehre der Drei-Einigkeit in unserer heutigen Sprache und mit unseren heutigen Begriffen. Nach meiner Erfahrung ist die Frage der Dreieinigkeit kein Problem bei den glaubenden Christen. Sie stehen mit Gott in persönlicher Verbindung und diese Beziehung wird von keiner theologischen Theorie gestört. Aber wir müssen es zur Kenntnis nehmen, dass unsere Gläubigen, vorwiegend ein großer Teil unserer Intelligenz, zwar ernst, aber von weitem sich Gott nähert. Sie erwarten von uns, über Gott sprechenden Fachleuten eine klare, allgemeinverständliche Antwort auf ihre Frage, wer das eigentlich ist, zu dem sie sich instinktiv hingezogen fühlen. Dazu taugen schon unsere tausendsiebenhundert jährigen Begriffe nicht. Nicht die Tatsache der Heiligen Drei-Einigkeit ist untauglich, sondern die Begriffe für ihre Erklärung. László Varga, dessen Schriften immer zur Diskussion veranlassen, geht von dieser Erkenntnis aus um die Einheitslehre in unserer heutigen Sprache und mit unseren heutigen Begriffen zu formulieren.

The role of group work in teacher education. This essay deals with the role and importance of psychological group work with special regard to teachers’ professional development. In the last few decades a new view of the way teachers should be educated emerged, in which more attention was directed towards the person of the teacher. The real self image and self-knowledge is important for religion teachers when we take into account that they are especially expected to be empathic, authentic and able to accept the others. After we had investigated that the actual curriculum of the Faculty for Teachers of Religion provides hardly any programmes which aim to develop students’ selfknowledge, we tried to work out a programme which would help the healthy development of students’ personal and professional self. Moreover the essay points out: the role of self knowledge in the profession of teaching; the importance of communication and how to develop communication skills; some conflict handling methods student teachers should know before they start their teaching practice.

The Origin of Sin. The origin of sin is a universally commonly discussed problem of theology. It can be clarified only from the original texts of the Bible. There we find a clear answer by its diverse teachers: Sin originates from bodily desires. In our terminology, bodily desires are the biological instincts. In the animal world instincts are specifically restricted. They are only active in necessary times and conditions; they assurae the harmony of nature. Man’s instincts are free; they are always active and biologically unrestricted. The millionaire works for more money, women are able and ready to copulate even while being pregnant, the lust for power is limitless, and even world domination can not fulfil it. Remaining uncontrolled, instincts can destroy all human societies. They must be controlled morally. Man is personally responsible to keep them under God-given moral control. That is the dignity and tragedy of being human. Instincts are biological forces, morally neutral, but by nature self-centered. Godgiven morals are always altruistic. Under the guidance of strong morals, instinct is the force that brings good economy into reality, secures family life, a well trained society. When instinct escapes from under the control of morals, it is a guideless, selfcentered, always active force, which is able to destroy every social human activity, even personal life. Human morals are always questionable. My rules are as valuable as anyone else’s. Only God-given morals can be unquestionable. That is the meaning of the tree of the knowledge of good and evil: Man is free to do as he wishes, but moral laws are not under man’s will. To do what moral say is the personal and social responsibility of man. So there is a permanent battle between the moral convictions and the urgings of the instincts striving to get from under it. Consequently sin is the act of self-centered instincts getting out from under the guidance of the God-given moral rules.